Conducted Immunity

Bulk Current Injection (BCI)

  • ISO 11452-4

Compact Immunity Test System

The CIT-100 is a complete test system for conducted RF-immunity testing and BCI-testing acc. to IEC/EN 61000-4-6, ISO 11452-4, MIL-STD 461, CS114 and similar standards.
The system coconsists of a built-in

• Signal generator, 4kHz – 1.2 GHz
• RF-Power-Amplifier. max 4kHz – 400 MHz, 25 / 75 W
• 3-Channel RF-Power-Meter to measure the test level as well as forward &    reverse power, 4kHz – 1.2 GHz
• Directional Coupler
• Comfortable control software

As a „stand-alone“ test system the CIT-100 is convincing by its easy and comfortable handling and the excellent cost-performance ratio.
We also offer the full range of coupling/decoupling networks (CDN‘s) ,
EM-coupling clamp, BCI- and current clamps.

Special Features

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Conducted RF immunity tests acc. to IEC/EN61000-4-6 and BCI tests acc. to ISO 11452-4 and MIL-STD 461 CS 114

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Signalgenerator,RF-power amplifier, RF-power meter and directional coupler in one 19”-case

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All built in instruments can also be used separately, via existing input / output connector.
Hence, the Signal-generator and the RF-power-meter can also be used for radiated immunity tests acc. IEC/EN 61000-4-3.
Furthermore an additional external RF-Power-amplifier could be connected to the CIT-100 for this purpose.

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Stand-alone operation possible with optional available netbook

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Control-software included

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Most important parameters are shown on an integrated display

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Automatic EUT-monitoring

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Complete range of CDNs available

Technical specifications

RF-Generator CIT-100
Two switchable outputs
(only one can be used simultaneously
2 x SMA
Frequency range 4 kHz to 1.2 GHz
Frequency resolution 1 Hz
Output level range 0 to – 63 dBm
Output level resolution 0.1 dB
Harmonics < 30 dBc
Spurious
< 45 dBc
Amplitude mod. (internal)
0 – 100%, resolution 1%
Amplitude mod. (external) 0 – 100%, max Amplitude 1V = 100%, BNC jack
Pulse mod. (internal)
5-95%, resolution 1%
Pulse mod. (external) DC…1MHz, 3,3V/5V CMOS/TTL, BNC jack

 

LF Generator (modulation)
CIT-100
Connector BNC jack
Frequency range 1 Hz to 100 kHz
Frequency resolution 0.1 Hz
Signal Sine wave / square wave / triangular
Amplitude 0…1 V

 

SCPI interfaces
USB 2.0
USB-B
LAN, 100 Mbit
RJ45
GPIB (optional)
Centronics

Technical specifications

 

RF-Voltmeter 1 (test-level)
CIT-100
Connector
BNC jack
Frequency range
4 kHz to 1.2 GHz
Measuring range
-40 to +30 dBm

 

RF-Voltmeter 2 + 3 (test-level)
(forward and reverse power)
Connector
2x SMA
Frequency range
4 kHz to 1.2 GHz
Measuring range
-40 to +30 dBm
+ directional coupler typ. 40dB

 

EUT-Monitor input)
Input voltage
0 – 10 V
Resolution
2.5 mV
Input impedance
100 k

 

EUT-failed input
Input signal
3.3 / 5 V CMOS/TTL level
Detection Mode
Status or edge controlled
Temperature measurement
10 to 100 °C resolution (1039-1385Ω)
resolution < 1 °C (PT1000)

 

Digital I/Os
Out
4 Bit Digital out, 5 V CMOS/TTL
In
4 Bit Digital in, 5V CMOS/TTL

 

Interlock
Closes at
R < 1 k Ω

Features

Internal RF-Power Amplifier
Several amplifier modules are available. Highest output power can be 75 W over the specified frequency range. The amplifier input can be accessed via the back panel of the CIT-100, so that the amplifier can also be used with any external generator. 25 W and 75 W amplifiers are available as standard.

Amplitude Modulation
Frequencies generated by the generator can also be modulated with a LF signal. Modulation frequencies may vary from 1 Hz up to 100 kHz, modulation levels are available from 0 % to 100 %.

Internal RF-Voltmeter
Accurate measurements of RF signals from -40 dBm up to +30 dBm are done by the internal RF-voltmeter which can be accessed (for separate use) via a BNC connector. Two internal voltmeters measure the test level and two channels to measure the forward and reverse power via the built-in directional coupler.

Internal RF-Signal Generator
As the internal generator generates its output signal without any internal mixing components, low harmonics and spurious frequencies are assured.

User defined signals
External signals (e.g. EUT-fail or external instruments) can be connected and monitored using the application software.

Setup

The CIT-10 is a PC-controlled test equipment. It can be operated by any commercial IBM compatible PC (Microsoft® Windows software) via USB port. All settings of the equipment, e.g. start frequency, stop frequency,
step width, test voltage etc. are made by means of the control software which is also included in the delivery. The three functional units RF-signal generator, RF-power amplifier and RF-voltmeter are set automatically by the software, depending on the pre-set test parameters. Each component, however, may also be called and operated as separate measuring and testing equipment. This means: using the CIT-10 as testing system, you have three full, additional “single units” at your disposal, for which separate inputs and outputs are available as BNC connections. Due to the computer-aided control of the CIT-10, any modifications which may become necessary, for example, due to the revision of standards, may be performed without problems and without having to manipulate the hardware of the equipment.

The CIT-1000 is a further development of the for years available and proven „CIT-10“, with the extended frequency range up to 1200MHz, stand-alone-operation via integrated Touch-Screen-PC as well as integrated directional coupler and power-meter for forward and reverse power measurement.

As usual with our CIT-series, all integrated instruments, like Signalgenerator, RF-Power-Amplifier and the 3-channel-RF Power Meter can be used as „stand-alone-unit“, too.

Hence, the Signal-generator and the RF-power-meter can also be used for radiated immunity tests acc. IEC/EN 61000-4-3. Furthermore an additional external RF-Power-amplifier could be connected to the CIT-1000 for this purpose.

Special Features

Conducted RF immunity tests acc. to IEC/EN 61000-4-6, BCI-tests acc. to ISO 11452-4 and MIL-STD 461

Signalgenerator, RF-Power-Amplifier, 3-channel power-meter and directional coupler combined in one 19“-case.

Stand-alone operation via integrated touch-screen-PC

Frequency-range 10kHz-1200MHz

With integrated amplifier 25W / 75W / 180W

Control-Software included

Temperature-mesuring-input for control and display of the BCI-clamp temperature

Interfaces: USB, LAN, GPIB

Technical specifications

RF-Generator CIT-1000
Two switchable outputs (only one can be used simultaneously) 2 x SMA
Frequency range 9 kHz to 1.2 GHz
Frequency resolution 1 Hz
Output level range 0 to -63 dBm
Output level resolution 0.1 dB
Harmonics < 30 dBc
Spurious < 45 dBc
Amplitude modulation (internal) 0 to 100%, resolution 1%
Amplitude modulation (external) 0 to 100% , max. Amplitude 1V = 100%, BNC jack
Pulse modulation (internal) 5 to 95%, resolution 1%
Pulse modulation (external) DC…1MHz, 3,3/5V CMOS/TTL, BNC jack
LF-Generator (modulation) CIT-1000
Connector BNC jack
Frequency range 1 Hz to 100 kHz
Frequency resolution 0.1 Hz
Signal Sine wave / square wave / triangular
Amplitude 0…1 V
RF-Voltmeter 1 (test level) CIT-1000
Connector BNC jack
Frequency range 9 kHz to 1.2 GHz
Measuring range -40 to +30 dBm
RF-voltmeter 2+3 (forward and reverse power) CIT-1000
Connector 2 x SMA
Frequency range 9 kHz to 1.2 GHz
Measuring range -40 to + 33 dBm + directional coupler typ. 40 dB
EUT-Monitor input CIT-1000
input voltage 0 to 10 V DC
resolution 2.5 mV
Input impedance 100 Ω
EUT-failed input CIT-1000
Input signal 3,3/5V CMOS/TTL level
Detection mode status or edge controlled
Temperature measurement 10 to 100 °C (1039 to 1385 Ω) resolution < 1 °C (PT 1000)
SCPI interfaces CIT-1000
USB 2.0 USB-B
LAN, 100 Mbit RJ45
GPIB (optional) Centronics
Digital I/Os CIT-1000
Out 4 Bit Digital out, 5 V CMOS/TTL
In 4 Bit Digital in, 5 V CMOS/TTL
Interlock CIT-1000
Closes at R < 1 kΩ
Dimensions (mm)
48x25x51,5 (LxHxD)
Weight 18kg

Coupling / Decoupling Networks

Immunity tests according to IEC/EN require coupling of RF disturbance voltages into any conducting cable of an EUT. Furthermore these disturbances should not be coupled into any further equipment so that a decoupling path to any auxiliary equipment is provided. We offer a wide range of CDNs for different types of interconnected lines which are fully calibrated for the frequency range from 150kHz to 230MHz. The following CDNs are available: M-, AF-, S-, T-, RJ, USB-types. Almost any network can be assambled on customer’s requests. Guidance for selecting the appropriate CDN is given in the following table:

Type Interconnected lines
M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M2+M3 Unscreened supply (mains)
AF2, AF4, AF5, AF6, AF8 Unscreened nonbalanced lines
S1, S2, S4, S8, S9, S15, S25, S36 Screened lines
T2, T4, T8 Unscreened balanced lines
RJ11, RJ45 Unscreened data lines
RJ11/S, RJ45/S, USB Screened data lines

Calibration:

To calibrate a CDN an adaptor, a fastening angle and 50 Ω / 150 Ω adaptor are required. Fastening angle and 50 Ω / 150 Ω adaptor should be ordered for the first CDN. For each following CDN only the specific adaptor has to be ordered.

Test procedure with Coupling/Decoupling (CDNs) Networks acc. to IEC/EN 61000-4-6:

The EUT shall be placed on an isolating support, 0.1 m above the ground reference plane. For table-top equipment, the ground reference plane may be placed on a table.

On all cables to be tested, coupling and decoupling devices shall be inserted.

The coupling and decoupling devices shall be placed on the ground reference plane, making direct contact with it at about 0.1 – 0.3 m from the EUT.

The cables between the coupling and decoupling devices and the EUT shall be as short as possible and shall never be bundled or wrapped.

The height above the ground reference plane shall be between 30 and 50mm (where possible).

The 6dB attenuator shall be placed to the coupling and decoupling device as near as possible.

The test shall be performed with the test generator connected to each of the CDNs in turn while the other non-exited RF-input ports of the CDNs are terminated by a 50 Ω load resistor.

Set-up for level setting at the EUT-port of coupling and decoupling devices:

1.   The test generator (RF-out) shall be connected to the RF-input port of the coupling device via the 6dB-attenuator.
2.   The EUT port of the coupling device shall be connected in common-mode through the 150 Ω to 50 Ω adaptor to the RF-Voltmeters (calibration).
3.   The AE-port shall be loaded in common-mode with a 150 Ω to 50 Ω adaptor, terminated with 50 Ω.

With direct injection to screened cable (CDN S-types), the 150 Ω load at the AE-port is not required as the screen will be connected to the ground reference plane at the AE-port side.

Although the 150 Ω load at the AE-port is mandatory with CDN T-, AF- and M-types calibration data are identical with the AE-port open or short. This is because a capacitor is connected to ground at the AEport side, which leads to a RF-short-circuit similar to the CDN S-types. This means that even with CDN M-, AF- and T-types the 150 Ω load at the AE-port is not required.

Coupling Clamp

According to IEC/EN 61000-4-6 the preferred coupling and decoupling devices are the CDNs, for reasons of test reproducibility and protection of the AE. However, if they are not suitable or available, clamp injection should be used.

Often, clamp injection needs to be applied to multi-pair balanced cables because suitable CDNs might not be available.

The EM clamp establishes both capacitive and inductive coupling to the cable connected to the EUT.

The EM clamp (in contrast to the conventional current injection clamp) has a directivity ≥10 dB, above 10 MHz, so that a defined impedance between the common-mode point of the AE and the ground reference plane is no longer required. Above 10 MHz, the behavior of the EM clamp is similar to that of a CDN.

Technical Specifications EMCL-20 EMCL-35
Frequency range 10 kHz-1000MHz 10 kHz-1000MHz
Nominal impedance 50Ω 50Ω
Connector N-type female N-type female
Maximum input level EMCL-20 EMCL-35
0.15 MHz – 100 MHz 100W, 15 min.  100W, 15 min.
100 MHz – 230 MHz 100W, 5 min.  100W, 5 min.
230 MHz – 1000 MHz 50W, 3 min. 50W, 3 min.
Cable diameter <20mm <37
Weight 7 kg 14 kg
Dimension (LxWxD) 655 x 120 x 80 mm 666 x 135 x 120 mm

Features

EM-clamp for immunity testing of cables with up to 20 mm diameter

High coupling factor: less than 15 watts amplifier output power is required to obtain a test level of 10 V

Calibration unit and calibration data are supplied with each instrument

Measured amplifier output power to obtain a rest level of 10 V. 6 dB attenuator and 80% amplitude modulation depth are taken into account.

Calibration unit of EMCL (included as standard)

Bulk Current Injection Probe

The Bulk Current Injection Probe is used to inject RF-current into cables of electrical equipment to test the susceptibility against radiated electromagnetic energy.

It was designed to meet the specifications of ISO 11452-4:2005 and IEC 61000-4-6 standards for automotive BCI testing with secondary currents of 300 mA and more.

The probe can be easily clamped around test conductors and supports cable harness diameters up to 40 mm diameter.

Features

Meets specifications of ISO 11452-4: 2005 and IEC 61000-4-6

Frequency range from 4 kHz up to 400 MHz

Designed for automotive BCI testing

Low insertion loss with optional matching transformer

Technical Specifications BCI-Probe
Frequency range 4 kHz – 400 MHz
Input Connector Type N Female
Inner diameter 120 mm
Outer Diameter 40 mm
Width 40 mm
Max. core temperature 90 °C
Turns Ratio 1:1
Primary inductance 5.1 μH @ 100 kHz
Ambient temperature 0 to 40 °C
Fastening 1 Clip
Input Power rating until
core temperature is 90 °C*
90 min @ 70 W (48.45 dBm)
45 min @ 100 W (50 dBm)

*higher input power possible for shorter duration. Control via integrated temperature sensor.

Insertin loss when using the matching transformer MT-1. The selection of the ration in dependence of the frequency can be optimized by automatic software control via LAN or UB-interface.

Bulk Current Monitoring Probe

The Current Monitoring probes may be used whenever RF current measurements are required. Current measurements are made by placing a current carrying conductor within the “sensing” window of the probe and measuring the probe’s output voltage with an RF detector. Calibration of the probe permits the conversion of the voltages measured to current. Current measurements can be made over the frequency range shown in the transfer impedance curve furnished with each probe. There is virtually no loading of the circuit and the technique permits normal operation of the device under test during measurements. The MP-50 can be used for the procedure for clamp injection when the common- mode impedance requirements cannot be met given in chapter 7.4 of IEC/EN 61000-4-6 „Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio frequency fields”. The MP-50 can also be used as current monitor for BCI testing as per ISO11452-4, RTCA/DO-160 section 20, MIL-STD-461 and various automotive standards.

Features

As required in IEC/EN 61000-4-6

Suitable for BCI testing per ISO11452-4, RTCA/D0-160 section 20, MIL-STD 461 CS 114 and various automotive standards

Individual calibration data with each probe

Technical Specifications MP-50
Frequency range 10 kHz – 400 MHz
Insertion impedance < 2,5 Ohm
Cable diameter < 46 mm
Signal output BNC socket
Max signal current (10 kHz–400 MHz) 1A
Dimensions Outer diameter 115 mm
Thickness 30mm
Overall length 136mm
Weight 0,55 kg

Immunity to conducted, differential mode disturbances in the frequency range 0Hz to 150 kHz

  • IEC / EN 61000-4-16
  • IEC/EN 61000-4-19
  • IEC/EN 61543

Testing devices:

Power Signal Generator (PSG) & Isolation Transformers (IT-x)

The PSG-300 contains a linear precision power amplifier with a wide bandwidth (DC-300 kHz), suitable for all applications concerning fast alternating signals at high output power. The built in generator provides sine, square and triangle waves. Communication between PSG-300 and PC is via USB connection. The application software is suited for general power generator applications and for immunity tests according to IEC/EN 61000-4-16 as well as to IEC/EN 61543. Short term tests are enabled by phase controlled switching of an external power source (optional). The PSG-300 is equipped with a silent, temperature-controlled fan. Internal safeguards protect the amplifier from overheating and high power dissipation. They also assure protection against short-circuits and overload.

The number one choice for all applications with the need for fast and powerful signals, e. g.:

Simulation of DC / AC supply lines

Control of piezo actors

Generation of magnetic fields with Helmholtz or similar coils

Immunity testing according to IEC/EN 61000-4-16, IEC/EN 61000-4-19 AND IEC/EN 61543

Calibration devices etc.

Features

Short circuit and overload protection

Completely linear and low noise design

Outstanding DC stability

Over temperature switch off

Protection / Ready LED

EUT-fail input

EUT-monitor input

Technical specifications PSG-300 PSG-300A
Amplifier
Power bandwidth DC – 200 kHz
Slew rate 100 V/μs
Offset ±1 mV (±0.1 mV/°C)
Gain 10 ±0.1 % (±0.01 %/°C)
Output voltage 50 Veff / ±75 Vpeak
Output current 5 Aeff / ±7.5 Apeak 16 Aeff / ±23 Apeak
Power output 250 W 800 W
Distortion < 0.10%
Input impedance 100 k  Ω
Max. input voltage 80 V (cont.), 100 V (< 1 min)
Noise (10 Hz – 1 MHz, input: 50 ohm) 0.5 mVeff
Output connector 4 mm MC
Output connector 50 ohm BNC
Generator
Frequency range DC, 0.05 Hz – 300 kHz
Frequency resolution 0.05 Hz
Frequency accuracy ± 20 ppm
Waveform Sine, square, triangle
External generator input BNC
 General data
Remote control USB connector
Dimension (LxWxD) 448,9×132.55×435.50mm 448.90 x 177 x 585.50 mm
Weight approx. 14 kg approx. 30 kg
Technical specifications PSG-300 PSG-300A
Options
PSG-E300 External power source for short term test 300V@DC, 162/3Hz, 50Hz, 60Hz
PSG-EXT Input connector for phase controlled switching of external power source

Disturbances shall not be coupled into any support instruments. This requires decoupling of the lines. In many cases isolation transformers are used for decoupling. We offer a wide range from 6A/1-phase to 20A/3.phase. All isolation transformers are compliant to IEC/EN 61000-4-16.

Technical specifications IT-6 IT-16 IT-20
Voltage 230 V 230 V 230 V
Current 6 A 16 A 20 A
Phase 1-phase 1-phase 1-phase
Dimensions (W x D x H) 330x230x111 mm 400x310x181 mm 400x310x181 mm
Weight 18 kg 34 kg 45 kg

Coupling / Decoupling Networks

Immunity tests according to IEC/EN require coupling of RF disturbance voltages into any conducting cable of an EUT. Furthermore these disturbances should not be coupled into any further equipment so that a decoupling path to any auxiliary equipment is provided. We offer a wide range of CDNs for different types of interconnected lines which are fully calibrated for the frequency range from 150kHz to 230MHz. The following CDNs are available: M-, AF-, S-, T-, RJ, USB-types. Almost any network can be assambled on customer’s requests. Guidance for selecting the appropriate CDN is given in the following table:

Type Interconnected lines
M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M2+M3 Unscreened supply (mains)
AF2, AF4, AF5, AF6, AF8 Unscreened nonbalanced lines
S1, S2, S4, S8, S9, S15, S25, S36 Screened lines
T2, T4, T8 Unscreened balanced lines
RJ11, RJ45 Unscreened data lines
RJ11/S, RJ45/S, USB Screened data lines

Calibration:

To calibrate a CDN an adaptor, a fastening angle and 50 Ω / 150 Ω adaptor are required. Fastening angle and 50 Ω / 150 Ω adaptor should be ordered for the first CDN. For each following CDN only the specific adaptor has to be ordered.

Test procedure with Coupling/Decoupling (CDNs) Networks acc. to IEC/EN 61000-4-6:

The EUT shall be placed on an isolating support, 0.1 m above the ground reference plane. For table-top equipment, the ground reference plane may be placed on a table.

On all cables to be tested, coupling and decoupling devices shall be inserted.

The coupling and decoupling devices shall be placed on the ground reference plane, making direct contact with it at about 0.1 – 0.3 m from the EUT.

The cables between the coupling and decoupling devices and the EUT shall be as short as possible and shall never be bundled or wrapped.

The height above the ground reference plane shall be between 30 and 50mm (where possible).

The 6dB attenuator shall be placed to the coupling and decoupling device as near as possible.

The test shall be performed with the test generator connected to each of the CDNs in turn while the other non-exited RF-input ports of the CDNs are terminated by a 50 Ω load resistor.

Set-up for level setting at the EUT-port of coupling and decoupling devices:

1.   The test generator (RF-out) shall be connected to the RF-input port of the coupling device via the 6dB-attenuator.
2.   The EUT port of the coupling device shall be connected in common-mode through the 150 Ω to 50 Ω adaptor to the RF-Voltmeters (calibration).
3.   The AE-port shall be loaded in common-mode with a 150 Ω to 50 Ω adaptor, terminated with 50 Ω.

With direct injection to screened cable (CDN S-types), the 150 Ω load at the AE-port is not required as the screen will be connected to the ground reference plane at the AE-port side.

Although the 150 Ω load at the AE-port is mandatory with CDN T-, AF- and M-types calibration data are identical with the AE-port open or short. This is because a capacitor is connected to ground at the AEport side, which leads to a RF-short-circuit similar to the CDN S-types. This means that even with CDN M-, AF- and T-types the 150 Ω load at the AE-port is not required.

Universal Coupling Network

As described in IEC/EN 61000-4-16 at the frequency of the electrical power supply (either DC, 16 2/3 Hz, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) the test stimuli are applied as both continuous and short-duration disturbances. Otherwise, over the frequency range 15 Hz to 150 kHz, the test stimuli are applied as continuous disturbances only. The normal duration for short duration disturbances at the electricity supply frequency is one second. The M2345/32-16 is a multifunctional coupling network for test levels up to ±300 V in connection with test generators MTS-800, PSG-300 and PSG-E300. In this case the M2345/32-16 is remote controlled via the application software of the test generators. Otherwise the coupling network may be front panel operated as a stand-alone device. The M2345/32-16 operates as a M2, M3, M4 or M5 coupling network. The selection can be made by a rotary switch. The coupling capacitor is shorted out for the DC tests by a push-button. For automated test you may toggle between AC and DC tests via the USB-port.

Features

Switchable coupling network M2, M3, M4, M5 acc. IEC/EN 61000-4-16

Current rating up to 125A

For continuous and short term tests up to ± 300 V

Remote control in connection with MTS-800, PSG-300 and PSG-E300

May be used as stand-alone device

EUT 250V AC or DC

Power Signal Generator (PSG) & Isolation Transformers (IT-x)